How Is Turkey Involved in the Syrian Conflict?

Turkey has longstanding relations with the rebels in Syria. The rebels’ progress stands to bolster Turkey’s sway over Syria’s future, especially with Russia occupied by war in Ukraine and Iran locked in confrontation with Israel.

In the Syrian Regime’s Hour of Need, Its Patron Iran Makes an Exit

For decades, Iran has expended much blood and money in support of Syria’s president, Bashar al-Assad, helping him survive a civil war that threatened his dynastic rule. Iran operated military bases, weapons warehouses and missile factories in Syria, which it used as a pipeline for arming its militant allies across the region.